|
Ecosystem management is a process that aims to conserve major ecological services and restore natural resources while meeting the socioeconomic, political and cultural and needs of current and future generations. The principal objective of ecosystem management is the efficient maintenance and ethical use of natural resources.〔Szaro et al. (1998)〕〔Lackey, R.T. 1998. Seven pillars of ecosystem management" ''Landscape and Urban Planning'' 40: 21-30. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204697000959〕 It is a multifaceted and holistic approach which requires a significant change in how the natural and human environments are identified. Several approaches to effective ecosystem management engage conservation efforts at both a local or landscape level and involves: adaptive management, natural resource management, strategic management, and command and control management. ==Formulations== The definitions of ecosystem management are typically vague.〔Lackey (1998)〕 Several core principles define and bound the concept and provide operational meaning: #ecosystem management reflects a stage in the continuing evolution of social values and priorities; it is neither a beginning nor an end; #ecosystem management is place-based and the boundaries of the place must be clearly and formally defined; #ecosystem management should maintain ecosystems in the appropriate condition to achieve desired social benefits; #ecosystem management should take advantage of the ability of ecosystems to respond to a variety of stressors, natural and man-made, but all ecosystems have limited ability to accommodate stressors and maintain a desired state; #ecosystem management may or may not result in emphasis on biological diversity; #the term sustainability, if used at all in ecosystem management, should be clearly defined—specifically, the time frame of concern, the benefits and costs of concern, and the relative priority of the benefits and costs; and #scientific information is important for effective ecosystem management, but is only one element in a decision-making process that is fundamentally one of public and .〔Lackey (1998)〕 As a concept of natural resource management, ecosystem management remains both ambiguous and controversial, in part because some of its formulations rest on policy and scientific assertions that are contested.〔Lackey, Robert T. 1999. Radically contested assertions in ecosystem management. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 9(1-2): 21-34. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J091v09n01_02〕 These assertions are important to understanding much of the conflict surrounding ecosystem management. Professional natural resource managers, typically operating from within government bureaucracies and professional organizations, often mask debate over controversial assertions by depicting ecosystem management as an evolution of past management approaches. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ecosystem management」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|